Ghate Niryat aur Chin ke sath Badhta Vyapar Ghata Chintajanak

ns'k ds fu;kZrksa esa fujUrj fxjkoV ds dkj.k foxr 16 ekg ls gekjs fu;kZr ?kVrs gh pys tk jgs gSa vkSj bl fxjkoV ds Øe esa ekpZ&2016 esa Hkh ns'k ds fu;kZrksa esa 5-5 izfr'kr dh fxjkoV vk;h gSA ekpZ&2015 ds fu;kZrksa ls rqyuk djus ij Hkh ekpZ 2016 ds fu;kZrksa esa 5-47 izfr'kr dh deh lkeus vk;hA fu;kZrksa esa bl vuojr deh ds QyLo:i ekpZ 2016 esa rks gekjs fu;kZr ek= 22-71 vjc MkWyj ds gh jg x, gSa tks] fnlEcj 2014 ls vc rd ds ekfld fu;kZrksa esa U;wure gSA foxr foÙkh; o"kZ vFkkZr vizsy&ekpZ 2015-16 ds fu;kZr Hkh o"kZ 2014&15 dh rqyuk esa ?kVdj 261-13 vjc MkWyj ¼17]08]841-43 djksM+ #i;s½ ds U;wu Lrj ij vk x;s gSaA tcfd] vizsy-ekpZ 2014&15 dh vof/k esa ns'k ds dqy fu;kZr 310-33 vjc MkWyj ¼1896348-40 djksM+ #i;s½ ds jgs gSaA bl izdkj ns'k ds fu;kZrksa esa foxr 12 efguksa dh vof/k esa MkWyj esa 15-85 izfr'kr vkSj #i;ksa esa 9-89 izfr'kr dh fxjkoV vk;h gSA xSj isVªksfy;e mRiknksa ds fu;kZr esa Hkh ekpZ 2016 esa vkSj vizsy&ekpZ 2015&16 esa Hkh fxjkoV vk;h gSA ekpZ&2016 esa ;g fxjkoV 8-49 izfr'kr dh Fkh] tcfd foxr foÙkh; o"kZ ds 12 efguksa dh vof/k esa ;g fxjkoV 8-52 izfr'kr dh FkhA

      vizsy 1] 2015 dks ns'k ds fy, o"kZ 2015-2016 ls 2020-2021 dh vof/k ds fy, ?kksf"kr ubZ fons'k O;kikj uhfr esa ns'k ds dqy fu;kZr c<+kdj nqxqus djus dk y{; j[kk FkkA ysfdu blds foijhr foxr 16 efguksa ls fu;kZr esa vk jgh fujUrj fxjkoV fpUrk dk dkj.k gSA fu;kZrksa esa ,slh fxjkoV fo'o dh vU; izeq[k vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa Hkh ns[kh tk ldrh gSA fo'o O;kikj laxBu ds vkadM+ksa ds vuqlkj tuojh 2016 esa fiNys o"kZ ds tuojh ekg dh rqyuk esa vesfjdh fu;kZrksa esa 10-81 izfr'kr] ;wjksih; la?k ds fu;kZrksa esa 7-4 izfr'kr] phu ds fu;kZrksa esa 11-37 izfr'kr vkSj tkiku ds fu;kZrksa esa 12-85 izfr'kr dh fxjkoV vk;h gSA Hkkjr ds fu;kZrksa esa foxr o"kZ ds tuojh ekg dh rqyuk esa tuojh 2016 esa 13-6 izfr'kr dh fxjkoV vk;h gS] tks fd vesfjdk] ;wjksi o phu dh rqyuk esa lokZf/kd gSA nwljh vksj ekpZ 2016 ls phu ds fu;kZrksa esa iqu% o`f) dk nkSj izkjaHk gks x;k gSA ekpZ 2016 esa rks phu ds fu;kZrksa esa 18-7 izfr'kr dh o vizsy 2016 esa 4 izfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZ gSA blds foijhr Hkkjr ds fu;kZrksa esa 16 ekg ls vk jgh fxjkoV ds Øe esa ekpZ 2016 esa Hkh 5-5 izfr'kr dh fxjkoV tkjh jgh gS tks fpUrkdkjd gSA  

      bl laca/k esa] vFkZO;oLFkk ds fy, fo'ks"k] jkgr dh ckr ;g gS fd gekjs vk;krksa esa fu;kZr dh rqyuk esa vis{kkÑr vf/kd fxjkoV vk;h gSA blds QyLo:i 2015-2016 ds O;kikj ?kkVs esa Hkh deh vk;h gSA ekpZ&2016 esa gekjs vk;kr 27-28 vjc MkWyj ¼186250-88 djksM+ #i;s½ ds gh Fks tks ekpZ 2015 dh rqyuk esa MkWyj esa 21-56 izfr'kr vkSj #i;ksa esa 15-82 izfr'kr de FksA vizsy-ekpZ 2015-16 dh 12 efgus dh vof/k esa gekjs vk;kr 379-6 vjc MkWyj FksA tks vizsy-ekpZ 2014-2015 esa 448 vjc Mkyj ds FksA bl izdkj foxr foÙkh; o"kZ esa 2014-15 dh rqyuk esa MkWyj esa 15-28 izfr'kr o #i;ksa esa 9-34 izfr'kr dh fxjkoV vkbZ gSA foÙkh; o"kZ 2015-16 esa Hkkjr dk O;kikj ?kkVk 118-45 vjc MkWyj jgus dh vis{kk gS tks 2014-15 ds 137-69 vjc MkWyj ds O;kikj ?kkVs ls dkQh de gSA

      blh Øe esa fo'o esa QSy jgh vkfFkZd eUnh dk izHkko gekjh lsokvksa ds fu;kZr ij Hkh gqvk gSA fjtoZ cSad ds 18 vizsy 2016 ds izsl jhfyt ds vuqlkj vizsy&Qjojh 2015&16 11 efguksa dh vof/k esa ns'k dk lsokvksa dk fu;kZr 64-60 vjc MkWyj jgk gSA tcfd o"kZ 2014&2015 dh blh vof/k esa Hkkjr ds lsokvksa dh fu;kZr 69-13 vjc MkWyj jgs gSA blfy, lsokvksa vkSj oLrqvksa ds lexz O;kikj dh n`f"V ls ns'k dk dqy O;kikj ?kkVk o"kZ 2015&2016 esa 53-85 vjc MkWyj jgus dh vis{kk gS tks o"kZ 2014&2015 esa vkSj Hkh mPp 68-55 vjc MkWyj jgk gSA ns'k ds O;kikj ?kkVs dh bruh cM+h jkf'k ds mijkUr Hkh fons'kksa esa dk;Zjr Hkkjrh;ksa }kjk Hksts tkus okys 69 vjc MkWyj dh izkfIr ls bl foxr o"kZ esa ns'k ds fons'kh eqnzk Hk.Mkjksa esa 16 vjc MkWyj dh o`f) gh gqbZ gSA bl izdkj Hkkjh O;kikj ?kkVs ds mijkUr Hkh ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk vkt fons'kksa esa dk;Zjr Hkkjrh;ksa ds dkj.k cph Hkqxrku larqyu dh n`f"V ls fu"in gSA ysfdu ;fn vizsy 2015 esa ?kksf"kr gekjh ubZ O;kikj uhfr ds vuq:i fu;kZrksa dks nqxquk djuk gS rks blds fy, gesa fu;kZr o`f) dh uohu j.kuhfr dh jpuk djuh gksxhA

      oSls Hkh ge fons'k O;kikj esa vuojr ?kkVs dks dc rd tkjh jgus nsaxsA ns'k dh izfrHkk fons'kksa ls tks /ku dk futh vUrj.k djrh gS] og gekjs lqj{kk pØ dk vk/kkj gSA ge LoLFk vkfFkZd] vkS|ksfxd o O;kikj uhfr;ksa ls dc O;kikj ?kkVs ls mcjsaxs\ ;g 25 o"kksZa ds vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa ds ckn Hkh ,d xEHkhj ;{k iz'u cuk gqvk gSA ge vusd voljksa ij tc phu o Hkkjr dh vFkZ O;oLFkkvksa dh rqyuk djrs le; ;g Hkwy tkrs gSa fd vizsy 2016 esa phu ds fons'k O;kikj dk ljIyl 45 vjc Mkyj Fkk] tc fd ekpZ 2016 ds gekjs dqy fu;kZr gh 22-71 vjc Mkyj ds o mlesa Hkh 4-57 vjc Mkyj dk ?kkVk FkkA gekjs vkt ds ekfld O;kikj ?kkVs dk nl xquk vkt phu dk ekfld O;kikj vfrjsd vFkkZr VªsM ljIyl gSA o"kZ 2015-16 esa gekjs dqy fu;kZr 261 vjc Mkyj o mlesa Hkh 116 vjc Mkyj dk ?kkVk jgk gSA nwljh vksj phu ds 2015 ds fons'k O;kikj esa 595 vjc Mkyj dk ljIyl ;k equkQk jgk gS vkSj dqy fu;kZr ¼oLrq $ lsok fu;kZr½ 2375 vjc Mkyj ds ¼Hkkjr ds dqy fu;kZrksa ds 7 xqus jgs gSaA blesa phu ds lsokvksa ds dqy fu;kZr 288 vjc Mkyj ds jgs gSaA gekjs oLrq fu;kZr 261 vjc Mkyj o lsokvksa ds fu;kZr 70 vjc Mkyj ds gSaA blfy;s vc 1991 ls py jgs vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa ds 25 o"kZ iwjs gks tkus ij rks gesa viuh uo mnkjoknh vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa ds ifj.kkeksa dh Hkh leh{kk vo'; dj ysuh pkfg;sA

      fo'oHkj esa vkfFkZd eUnh ds mijkUr Hkh phu us ekpZ&2016 esa 18-7 izfr'kr o vizSy ds 4 izfr'kr dh fu;kZr o`f) vftZr dh gSA ogha phu us ekpZ 2016 esa vius fu;kZZrksa dh 1-7 izfr'kr dh dVkSfr dh gSA bl izdkj ekpZ&2016 esa tgk¡ Hkkjr dk O;kikj ?kkVk 5-1 vjc MkWyj dk jgk gSA ogha phu ds fons'k O;kikj aesa ekpZ& 2016 esa 29-9 vjc Mkyj ¼194-6 vjc ;qvku½ o vizSy 2016 eas 45-9 vjc Mkyj dk vfrjsd ;k equkQk jgk gSA pwafd Hkkjr dk lokZf/kd O;kikj ?kkVk phu ds lkFk jgk gSA blfy, ns'k dks vius O;kikj ?kkVs ij fu;U=.k ds fy, iz;kl djus ds Øe esa loZizFke phu ds lkFk c<+ jgs O;kikj ?kkVs ij fu;a=.k djuk pkfg;sA

phu ds lkFk c<+rk O;kikj ?kkVk vR;f/kd pqukSrhiw.kZ % ns'k dk lokZf/kd O;kikj ?kkVk vkt phu ds lkFk gS] tks fujUrj c<+rk gh tk jgk gSA o"kZ 2015 esa phu ds lkFk Hkkjr dk O;kikj ?kkVk 51-9 vjc MkWyj ij igq¡p x;k gSA ;g ns'k ds dqy O;kikj ?kkVs dk 45 izfr'kr gSA lokZf/kd nqHkkZX;iw.kZ rF; ;g gS fd Hkkjr ls phu dks gksus okys fu;kZr ek= 9-6 vjc MkWyj ds gSa tcfd Hkkjr esa phu ds fu;kZr blds ikSus lkr xqus] vFkkZr~ 61-5 vjc MkWyj ds gSaA blfy, phu ds lkFk Hkkjr ds dqy 71-22 vjc MkWyj ds O;kikj esa 51-8 vjc MkWyj dk ?kkVk gSA kkjHkkjHkkjr ls phu dks gksus okys fu;kZrksa esa Hkh dPps eky dh gh vf/kdrk gS ftlesa lokZf/kd ek=k dPps [kfut yksgs dh gSA nwljh vksj Hkkjr dks gksus okys phu ds lkjs fu;kZr fofufeZr oLrqvksa ds gSaA ,slk f}i{kh; O;kikj vlUrqyu fo'o esa dgha Hkh nks O;kikfjd lk>ksnkjksa esa ugha gSA og Hkh rc] tcfd phu gekjs lkFk fujUrj 'k=qor O;ogkj djrk jgk gSA phu ls c<+ jgs vk;krksa ds dkj.k gh ns'k esa vkt cM+s iSekus ij m|ksx cUn gksrs tk jgs gSaA ns'k esa cSafdax {kS= dh vfu"iknuh; vkfLr;ksa ¼Non Performing Assets½ esa Hkkjh o`f) dk Hkh lcls cM+k dkj.k phu ls fujadq'k xfr ls c<+ jgs vk;krksa ls QSy jgh vkS|ksfxd :X.krk gSA vkt fy[kus ds isu o cYc ls ysdj ilZuy dEi;wVlZ ¼P.C.½] eksckbZy Qksu] fctyh ds lkt lkeku vkSj lkSj ÅtkZ la;a=ksa rd lHkh m|ksx oxksZa esa c<+ jgs phuh vk;krksa dh o`f) ls gh ns'k esa m|e cUnh] Mh b.MLVªsykbZts'ku vkSj vfu"iknuh; vkfLr;ksa esa o`f) gks jgh gSA ns'k dh okf.kT; ea=h fueZyk lhrkje.k ds vuqlkj Hkh phu ls c<+ jgs vk;krksa ds dkj.k ns'k ds lw{e y?kq o e/;e vkdkj ds m|e ¼MSME½ lokZf/kd izHkkfor gks jgs gSaA muds }kjk laln esa fn, mÙkj esa ;g Lohdkj fd;k x;k gS fd lw{e] y?kq o e/;e m|eksa }kjk mRikfnr 12 izeq[k mRikn lewgksa esa o"kZ 2011&12 ls 2014&15 ds chp] phu ls gksus okys vk;krksa dh o`f) 'ks"k fo'o ds lHkh ns'kksa ls gqbZ la;qDr vk;kr o`f) dh rqyuk esa Hkh lokZf/kd gSA okf.kT; ea=h fueZyk lhrkje.k ds vuqlkj orZeku esa py jgs 322 jkf'kiru&jks/kh ekeyksa ¼Anti Dumping Cases½ esa lokZf/kd 177 ekeys phu ls lacaf/kr gSA 

      lokZf/kd vk'p;Ztud rks ;g gS fd ,d vksj rks ns'k ds vf/kdka'k lkSj ÅtkZ la;a=ksa ds fofuekZ.kh m|eksa dh izxfr vo:) gks jgh gS vkSj os :X.k gksrs tk jgs gSa ogha nwljh vksj iwjs ns'k esa phuh lkSj ÅtkZ isuYl o la;a=ksa dk vk;kr rsth ls c<+ jgk gSA vkt ns'k esa 80 izfr'kr lksyj isuy phu ls gh vk jgs gSaA dbZ LFkkuksa ij lksyj ikdZ yxkus ds Bsds Hkh phuh dEifu;ksa dks gh tk jgs gSaA blds dkj.k vkxkeh o"kksZa esa phuh dEifu;k¡ Hkkjh ek=k esa ns'k ls fons'kh eqnzk ckgj ys tk,axhA vesfjdk rd dks mlds ?kjsyw m|eksa dks cpkus ds fy, phuh lksyj isuYl ij 238 izfr'kr rd dh ,UVh MfEiax M~;wVh yxkuh iM+h gSA Hkkjr esa Hkh okf.kT; ea=ky; }kjk lLrh MfEiax dh f'kdk;r feyus ds laca/k esa vuqla/kku djus ij MfEiax vFkkZr~ jkf'kiru ds izek.k ik;s x;s gSa o ,slk ik;s tkus ij jkf'kiru jks/kh ¼,.Vh&MfEiax½ 'kqYd yxkus dh vuq'kalk Hkh dh xbZ FkhA ysfdu] foÙk ea=ky; us tkucw> dj fu/kkZfjr vof/k esa ,UVh MfEiax M~;wVh ugha yxkus dk fu.kZ; ys fy;kA blls ns'k esa lksyj ÅtkZ ds {ks= esa dk;Zjr Hkkjrh; m|eksa dks Hkkjh /kDdk yxk gSA blfy, vc phu eysf'k;k] rkbZoku] vesfjdk o ;wjksi dh lkSj ÅtkZ la;a= mRIkknd dEifu;k¡ Hkkjh ek=k esa lLrh MfEiax dj Hkkjrh; mRikndksa dks uqdlku igq¡pk jgha gSaA

      ;gh fLFkfr ns'k esa cl o Vªd Vk;j mRIkkndaksa dh Hkh gks jgh gSA Vk;j m|ksxksa ds la?k ds vuqlkj foxr 2 o"kksZa esa ns'k esa cl o Vªd ds jsfM;y Vk;jksa ds vk;kr esa 2-5 xquh o`f) gqbZ gSA foÙkh; o"kZ 2014 esa ns'k esa cl o Vªd jsfM;Yl dk ekfld vk;kr 40 gtkj Vk;j Fkk tks foÙkh; o"kZ 2014&15 esa c<+dj 65 gtkj Vk;j izfrekg gks x;k vkSj 2015&16 esa 1 yk[k Vk;j izfrekg gks x;kA ns'k esa Vk;jksa dk vf/kdka'k vk;kr phu ls gh gks jgk gSA Vk;jksa ds dqy vk;kr esa phuh Vk;jksa dk vuqikr ,d gh o"kZ esa 2 xquk gqvk gSA foÙkh; o"kZ 2013&14 esa ns'k esa gksus okys dqy vk;krksa esa phu dk va'k 40 izfr'kr FkkA 2015&16 esa c<+dj 90 izfr'kr gks x;k gSA vkt ns'k esa cl o Vªd Vk;jksa dh dqy ekax ¼Replacement Demand½ dh 30&40 izfr'kr dh iwfrZ phuh Vk;jksa ls gks jgh gSA blds dkj.k ns'k esa Vk;j m|kssx :X.k o leL;kxzLr gks jgk gSA foÙkh; o"kZ 2015&16 esa gh cl o Vªd Vk;jksa dk vk;kr 7-8 yk[k okf"kZd vk;kr ls c<+dj 12-8 yk[k Vk;j izfro"kZ gks x;k gS tks 2013&14 esa ek= 4-9 yk[k Vk;jksa dk gh FkkA bl izdkj Vªd o cl Vk;jksa dk vk;kr ,d o"kZ esa gh 64 izfr'kr c<+ x;k gSA vesfjdk rd us phuh vk;krksa ls ?kjsyw Vk;j m|ksx cpkus ds fy, vR;Ur Å¡pk jkf'k iru jks/kh 'kqYd vkSj vuqnku larqY;dkjh 'kqYd yxk;k gSA blds dkj.k ns'k esa jcj mRiknd Hkh izHkkfor gks jgs gSA 

eksckbZy Qksu ds cktkj ij Hkh phuh dEifu;ksa dk QSyrk lkezkT; % ns'k ds vU; lHkh m|ksxksa ds lkFk&lkFk vc LekVZ Qksu ds cktkj ij Hkh phuh dEifu;ksa dk gh lkezkT; QSy jgk gSA d.Vªh ikWb.V VsDukykth fjlpZ uked vuqla/kku ds vuqlkj o"kZ 2013 dh izFke frekgh esa ns'k esa phuh LekVZ Qksu ds ek= 12 czk.M miyC/k pyu esa Fks ftudh la[;k 2015 dh izFke frekgh rd c<+dj 57 gks x;hA bl izdkj 2 o"kZ esa gh Hkkjrh; cktkjksa esa phuh czk.Mksa dh la[;k 12 ls c<+dj 57 vFkkZr~ ikSus ik¡p xquh gks x;h gSA Hkkjr ds LekVZ Qksu ds cktkj esa phuh czk.Mksa dk fgLlk 2014 esa ek= 15 izfr'kr Fkk tks c<+dj 2015 esa 22 izfr'kr gks x;k gSA o"kZ 2016 dh izFke frekgh esa ;g c<+dj 24-4 izfr'kr gks x;k gSA nwljh vksj LekVZ Qksu ds Hkkjrh; czk.Mksa dk cktkj va'k 5 izfr'kr ?kV x;k gSA phuh czk.Mksa ds ncko esa vU; oSf'od czk.Mksa dk cktkj va'k Hkh 1 izfr'kr ?kVk gSA LekVZ Qksu ds phuh czk.Mksa ;Fkk gqosbZ] fyuksoks] eksVks] ftvkseh] ftvksuh] ou Iyl] osxks] vksIiks] fetq] fydks] iwy isM vkfn dh fcØh Hkkjrh; cktkjksa esa rsth ls c<+ jgh gSA blh izdkj ns'k dk fctyh dk cYc m|ksx] dk¡p m|ksx] fo|qr midj.k m|ksx] QuhZpj m|ksx vkfn lHkh m|ksx phuh vk;krksa ls izHkkfor gq, gSaA

      phu ls bl c<+rs O;kikj ?kkVs dks ns[krs gq, ml ij fu;a=.k ds fy, phuh dEifu;ksa dks ns'k esa fuos'k o mRiknu dh lqfo/kk,¡ nsus dk izLrko vkSj Hkh ?kkrd gSA phuh vk;krksa ij vadq'k yxkus ds dbZ fof/k lEer ekxZ gSa ysfdu] phu ds }kjk ns'k esa ,d ckj fuos'k dj ysus ds mijkUr mu {ks=ksa ls mls okil ykSVkuk dHkh Hkh laHko ugha gksxkA phuh m|eksa }kjk vius bl fuos'k ds ykHkksa ds iqfufuZos'k ls vkSj ykHkksa dks ns'k ls ckgj ys tkus ls dbZ u;h leL;k,¡ [kM+h gksaxhA blfy;s ns'k ds fons'k O;kikj esa ?kkVs ij izHkkoh vadq'k yxkus gsrq phuh vk;krksa ij fu;U=.k vfr vko';d gSA blds foijhr phu dks bu mRiknksa ds ns'k esa mRiknu dh lqfo/kk nsuk rks vkSj Hkh [krjukd gSA blfy;s fons'k O;kikj esa ?kkVs ij vadq'k yxkus ds fy, phu ls gks jgh fujadq'k vk;kr o`f) ij rRdky izHkkoh jksd vR;Ur vko';d gSA bl gsrq vk;kfrr oLrqvksa ds laca/k esa xq.koRrk ds jk"Vªh; izeki Hkh LFkkfir fd;s tkus pkfg;sA buds vfrfjDr le;ksfpr jkf'kiru jks/kh ¼,UVh MfEiax½ 'kqYd vkSj vuqnku lerqY;dkjh 'kqYd ¼dkmUVj osfyax M~;wVh½ Hkh leqfpr ek=k esa yxk;h tkuh pkfg;sA ns'k ds O;kikj ?kkVs esa fu;U=.k gsrq loZizFke phu ds lkFk c<+ jgs O;kikj ?kkVs ij rRdky fu;U=.k vko';d gSA

Shrinking Foreign Trade: A Cause for Concern

India's exports have been continuously contracting since last 16 months. In the month of March 2016, as well the country's exports have registered a decline of 5.5% over the previous month. In comparison with the exports of March 2015 as well, they have contracted by 5.47% to have touch a new bottom of $ 22.71 billion, since December, 2014.  The cumulative value of exports for the period April-March 2015-16 too has therefore come down to US$ 261.13 billion (Rs.1708841.43 crore) as against US$ 310.33 billion(Rs.1896348.40 crore) in April-March 2014-15 registering a negative growth of 15.85 per cent in Dollar terms and 9.89 per cent in Rupee terms. The non-petroleum exports in March 2016 are valued at US$ 206.39 billion against US$ 213.86 billion of March 2015, a decline of 3.49 per cent. Non-petroleum exports during April to March 2016 are valued at US$ 231.95 billion as compared to US$ 253.54 billion for the corresponding period in 2015, a reduction of 8.52 per cent.

The trend of falling exports is though in tandem with other major world economies. The growth in exports have fallen for USA by 10.81 percent, European Union by 7.40 percent, China by 11.37 percent and Japan by 12.85 percent for January 2016 over the corresponding period previous year as per WTO statistics. So, it is a matter of serious concern that vis a vis the US, EU, China and Japan the decline in India's exports is more pronounced. To the contrary the Chinese exports have rather experienced an 18.7 % growth in March, 2016 vis a vis a decline of 5.5% in case of India.

 Though, imports of India too  were lower  during March, 2016 and valued at US $ 27.78 billion, (Rs.1,86,250.88 crore) lower by 21.56 per cent in Dollar terms and 15.82 percent lower in Rupee terms over the level of imports valued at US$ 35.42 billion (Rs.2,21,251.65 crore) in March, 2015. Cumulative value of imports for the period April-March 2015-16 was US $ 379.60 billion (Rs.24,81,367.22 crore) as against US $ 448 billion (Rs.2737086.58 crore) registering a negative growth of 15.28 per cent in Dollar terms and 9.34 per cent in Rupee terms over the same period last year. 

Though, the balance of trade has also declined to a record low of $ 5.1 billion in March, 2016 , while the trade gap for March, 2015 was $ 11.4 billion. The trade deficit for April-March, 2015-16 has been estimated at US$ 118.45 billion which is lower than the deficit of US$ 137.69 billion during April-March, 2014-15. Services exports have also been affected the current year. As per RBI’s Press Release dated 18th April 2016, the trade balance in Services (i.e. net export of Services) for February, 2016 was estimated at US$ 5140 million. The net export of services for April- February, 2015-16 was estimated at US$ 64.60 billion which is lower than net export of services of US$ 69.13 billion during April- February, 2014-15. (The data for April-February 2015-16 has been derived by adding April-December 2015-16 with month wise QE data of RBI Press Release dated 18th April 2016).

So, the Overall Trade Balance, while taking merchandise and services together, has also come down in 2015-16. The overall trade deficit for April-March, 2015-16 estimated at US$ 53.859 billion as compared to US$ 68.55 billion over same period last year, has fallen by 21.44 percent. Services data pertains to April- February as latest data available are only up to the as February 2016 per the RBI’s Press Release dated 18th April 2016. However, the same deficits i.e. the trade and current account deficits  are bound to turn into a surplus in the Balance of Payments after taking into consideration the private transfers of $ 69 billion. Thus, NRIs working abroad have jacked up forex receipts and converted the  the current account deficit into a surplus of $16 billion and also enhanced the Forex reserve of the country . Yet, something needs to done, to ramp up exports of the country, if the target of doubling the exports, spelled out in the foreign trade policy of 2015-20 has to be attained. China has already rebounded its exports in March, 2016 by 18.7 % on a year-on-year basis, in the March, 2016, while the Chinese imports have declined 1.7% by March, 2016, generating a trade surplus of 194.6 billion yuan in March, 2016. the export growth in March had been highest for China in last more than a year. India has to take a call from China, especially when India is having  the largest trade deficit in its trade with China since  last many years.

India needs to take a call on the problem of growing trade deficit with China

The growing trade deficit with China is a formidable challenge for India. India has highest trade deficit of $ 51.9 billion with china, inspite of persistent enemic activities of China, ever since the war of 1962. China is occupying 38000 sq. km. of India’s territory which  it capture in Aksai Chin in the 1962 war. Thereafter, China has been regularly committing border incursions very frequently. Presently it has been causing approximately 450 border incursions per year. Moreover, its seige in the Daulat Beg Oldy region 3 years back had been most humiliating for India after the 1962 war.  Chinese veto against India's proposal for declaring Maulana Masood Azhar as an internationally dreaded terrorist has also aimed to  humiliate India , as china has no stake against declaring Maulana Masood Azhar  a Laskar-e-Taiba terrorist, who has also established Jaish-e-Mohammad another terrorist outfit. 

it is also an open fact that one after the other industry sectors in India are getting destabilized due to dumping of cheap goods by China. India has been experiencing the problem of de-industrialization into a number of sectors on account of Chinese dumping. The latest victim is the solar power equipment manufacturing sector of the country. Today 80% of solar panels and roof top solar systems are coming from china. This has been causing rapid industrial closers in the country into this sector. Even US has to impose anti-dumping duties on Chinese import up to 238% of their cost to keep the US solar power sector surviving against Chinese dumping. So, India too takes care of a variety of sectors against the Chinese dumping.

The Commerce and Industry Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has also said in a written reply to the Lok Sabha, that "Increasing trade deficit with China can primarily be attributed to the fact that Chinese exports to India rely strongly on manufactured items, meeting the demand of fast-expanding sectors like telecom and power. While India's exports to China are characterized by primary products, raw materials and intermediate products,"

She has informed the parliament that India's trade deficit with China stood at USD 51.86 billion, with a bilateral trade of USD 71.22 billion in 2015. According to her, during this period India's exports to China came in at USD 9.68 billion while imports were USD 61.54 billion. moreover, In a separate reply, she has also said that Indian MSMEs are facing significant competition from Chinese imports. Especially in respect of 12 major product groups largely manufactured by MSMEs, imports from China grew at a higher rate than respective imports from all other countries combined during 2011-2 to 2014-15," she said coming to the issue of dumping , she has said that so far, there have been 322 anti-dumping cases, of which 177 cases involve China.

Chinese Smart Phones taking over the Indian Market:  Like most other sectors, the smart phone market in India has also been experiencing an import surge from china. According to the consulting firm ‘Country Point Technology Market Research’ the number of Chinese smart phone brands available in India, has jumped from 12 in the first quarter of 2013 to 57 in first quarter of 2015 in a span of two years. The market share of Chinese vendors of smart phones too has grown from 15% in the last quarter of 2014 to 22% in 2015. Indeed, the share of china-based smart phone vendors has increased by 7% in a year. While the share of home-grown smart phone vendors of India has declined by 5% and even the share of global vendors too has shrank by 1%. All the Chinese brands viz. Huawei, Lenovo, Moto, Xiaomi, , Gionee, One Plus, Vego, Oppo, Meizu, LeeCo, Cool Pad and so on have been making rapid strides in the Indian market.

            It is also worrisome that, inspite of having enjoyed a strong position in the  first generation of telecom technology, India has dropped itself out of race in harnessing the 2G, 3G & 4G technologies and has how become, foreign dependent in all these categories. Therefore, India needs to develop this sector indigenously, to avert such a foreign dependence. At the time of advent of 2G technology, India had achieved a major breakthrough in developing the coreDECT technology, unique for 2G telecommunication of mobile telephone wherein both voice & data can travel together under this technology. Therefore, it is most imperative to develop the handsets industry as well as this unique home grown technology. Moreover, if India has to take care of its trade deficit, steps has to take care of its Chinese imports, which need to be taken to curb to industrial sickness and closures. This sickness and closure of Industries alone is responsible for the growing non performing assets (NPAs) of the banking sector.